Essential documentation for maritime freight transport

Do you need to import or export by sea? Avoid delays and additional costs. Document management is the most critical step. We explain the essential documents you need for your cargo to reach its destination without problems.

1. Bill of Lading (B/L): the master document of your cargo

The Bill of Lading (B/L) is the central document in any maritime shipment. It is not just a receipt; it is the contract of carriage and, most importantly, the title of ownership of the goods. Without this original document, no one can collect the cargo at the destination port.

Types of B/L according to your needs:

Original:

Gives you total control over the cargo. Ideal for transactions with new suppliers.

Telex Release:

To release the cargo electronically, without sending the original. Speeds up the process and saves courier costs.

Seaway Bill:

For shipments between companies with high trust. The goods are automatically released upon arrival.

Key functions of the B/L:

Receipt of goods:

The shipping line confirms that it has received the cargo.

Contract of carriage:

Establishes the terms and conditions of the service.

Title of ownership:

Whoever possesses it controls the goods.

2. Commercial Invoice: the basis for customs

It is the document that certifies the sale and purchase. Customs uses it to calculate duties and taxes (such as import VAT). If your invoice is not accurate, you could face fines or delays.

Data it must include to avoid problems:

Complete tax information

Of the seller and buyer.

Incoterm

Defines the responsibilities and costs of transport.

Detailed description and value of the goods

Essential for customs.

3. Packing List: the detailed inventory of your shipment

This document is the inventory of your cargo. It indicates the content, weight, and dimensions of each package. It is crucial for the carrier, customs, and recipient, as it facilitates the control and verification of the goods.

What data is mandatory?

Quantity and description of packages

Complete detail of each package.

Gross and net weight

Of each package and the total.

Dimensions of each package

Exact measurements for transport.

Marks and identification numbers

For control and tracking.

4. Customs Clearance (DUA): the legal authorisation

The Single Administrative Document (DUA) is the declaration submitted to customs to obtain authorisation for import or export. This procedure, managed by a customs agent, is essential for goods to enter or leave the country.